In 2009, the first summit of the leaders of what would become known as the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and later, South Africa) was held in the Russian city of Yekaterinburg. Since then, “BRICS” has gradually evolved from an academic concept to a cooperation mechanism that has played an ever-greater role in the international political arena. In the past 10 years, the agendas of BRICS summits have been enriched and its action plans have been pragmatic and effective. This article analyzes the agendas of the 10 summits to date and explores the factors that shaped them. Finally, the article analyzes trends for future agendas and explores the complex difficulties and challenges faced by the BRICS countries in the international environment. It concludes with suggestions about how to resolve these difficulties and challenges through future cooperation.