This review presents the results of an analysis of the key international organizations agenda on the issue of just transition, its definition, necessary policy measures, and the importance of the cross-border aspect of the problem. The following conclusions can be drawn from the systematization of approaches. The issues of protecting workers in closing industries, improving skills, and retraining the workforce are noted as central elements of a just transition policy by all the organizations reviewed; they note the need for maximum inclusiveness in the development and adoption of decisions and constant social dialogue between the state, workers, and employers.

Issues of international justice and the impact of the energy transition on the global gap between developed and developing countries are actively discussed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Bank – they, more than others, pay attention to the debt trap, the poverty trap, the consequences of measures to promote decarbonization taken within jurisdictions, global markets, and the interests developing and least developed countries. These organizations call for the reconfiguration of the global financial architecture, providing preferential financing for the transition in developing countries and ensuring their access to technology. The International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Energy Agency (IEA), and the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) support various incentive programmes, subsidies, and grants for low-carbon technologies, as this will speed up the phase down of hydrocarbons and create new green jobs. However, these organizations do not consider the possible negative effect of such measures on global markets or labour markets in other countries.

There is a consensus on the need for carbon pricing and phasing out fossil fuel subsidies. Cross-border adjustment mechanisms are assessed as unfair by almost all organizations reviewed, and their disproportionate negative effect on developing and least developed countries is noted. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) are promoting the idea of a differentiated global carbon price floor as a measure to prevent carbon leakage.

the Analytical Review was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme.

This article was submitted on 15.07.2024