The article analyses the RF policy in innovation development and reasons for Russia’s lagging behind most leading and developing countries. The authors explore special features of RF scientific and technological complex and provide a comparative analysis of science and innovation sector efficiency in different countries, including Russia. Special attention is given to opportunities for Russia’s international cooperation in science and innovation sector. Barriers for this cooperation have been analysed.

The authors present and describe the most important areas of Russia’s international cooperation with developed countries: 1) the networking programs for sharing experiences in innovation; 2) the joint program in social innovation (creative industries, «grass-roots innovations», innovation in service sector); 3) developing student, scientist, specialist mobility; the coordination of exchange programmes.

In conclusion the authors made recommendations on improving effectiveness of the Russian innovation system by competitive growth, attracting investment, creating business and innovation environment, arrangement of conditions for science and technology international cooperation. 

The publication is prepared within the framework of a joint project of Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) Project and International Organisations Research Institute of the Higher School of Economics "Enhancing Effectiveness of Russia’s Participation in G8, G20 and BRICS in accordance with Russian Priorities and National Interests" in 2011.