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ContactsISSN (Online) 2542-2081 Contacts: Postal address: 11 Pokrovsky Boulevard, Moscow, Russia, 109028 National Research University Higher School of Economics International Organisations Research Journal (IORJ) editors office Actual address: Office 308, 33, Profsoyuznaya street, bld. 4, Moscow, 117418
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Elena Ponomareva1, Elena Arlyapova 2Relocation of Russians in 2022–2023 as a Phenomenon in International Relations: Overview of Migration Trends
2025.
Vol. 20.
No. 3.
P.
[issue contents]
A distinctive feature of modern international relations is the constant movement not only of capital, goods, and services but also of human resources, highlighting the new transnational nature of global politics. This article analyzes the processes of relocation of a significant number of Russians to other countries following the escalation of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The study aims to comprehend the phenomenon of Russian relocation, the reasons and dynamics of this "new wave" of migration, the challenges of integration and adaptation in host countries, and to clarify the statistical data. The methodological framework is based on Everett Lee’s push/pull theory, which helps identify the factors, causes, and conditions determining migration. The research relies on open statistical data, survey results, analytical reports, and media sources. The article examines the spatial patterns of relocation, which are largely shaped by the financial resources of migrants, value-driven and emotional motivations, and the receptiveness of host countries. A comparative analysis of data from various sources reveals discrepancies between actual quantitative indicators, intermediate and final relocation destinations, and prevailing perceptions about them. Particular attention goes to the sociological profile of Russian migrants. The study concludes that the relocation of Russians in 2022–2023 has become a significant phenomenon in the socio-economic and public life both within Russia and abroad. Although each decision to leave was made individually, the 2022 wave was largely influenced by a push/pull dynamic, where "push" and "pull" factors were so strong that relocation costs were often disregarded. In 2023–2024, some migrants continued their movement, changing their trajectory and primary destination, while many returned to Russia. Over time, the likelihood of those remaining abroad reintegrating into the Russian economic and political-legal framework decreases. However, their successful integration into recipient countries may provide new momentum for developing political and socio-economic relations between nations and states.
Citation:
Ponomareva E., Arlyapova E. (2025) Relocation of Russians in 2022–2023 as a Phenomenon in International Relations: Overview of Migration Trends. International Organisations Research Journal, vol. 20, no 3, pp. (in English). doi:10.17323/1996-7845-2025-03-09
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